Phages and Nanotechnology: New Insights against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Bacterial infections are a major threat to the human healthcare system worldwide, as antibiotics becoming less effective due emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Therefore, there is need explore nontraditional antimicrobial alternatives support rapid interventions and combat spread pathogenic bacteria. New nonantibiotic approaches being developed, many them at interface physics, nanotechnology, microbiology. While physical factors (e.g., pressure, temperature, ultraviolet light) typically used in sterilization process, nanoparticles phages (bacterial viruses) also applied Particularly, phage-based therapies rising unparalleled specificity high bactericidal activity phages. Despite success mostly compassionate use clinical cases, some drawbacks be addressed, mainly related their stability, bioavailability, systemic administration. Combining with can improve performance vivo. Thus, combination nanotechnology might provide tools for accurate detection bacteria biological samples (diagnosis typing), development antimicrobials that combine selectivity efficacy targeted therapy, such photothermal ablation or photodynamic therapies. In this review, we aim an overview how represents step forward fight against